The general election of 2002 – Voter apathy

a) Political lack of concern is the point at which the voters feel frustrated by the present status of governmental issues. They feel that there is no reason for casting a ballot on the grounds that their vote will have no effect. In regions of high Labor bolster a traditionalist voter may feel little point in casting a ballot since it will have no impact. This implies individual, while still inspired by governmental issues, feels that their vote will be useless and that they can never really change the framework. Likewise as the ideological groups draw nearer together in philosophies this implies voters no longer observe a very remarkable contrast in who they decide to decide in favor of which implies they don't generally want to cast a ballot since it will have no effect and they couldn't care less who is in power since they don't see that it influences them without question. On the extremely essential level this implies individuals may not be keen on governmental issues by any stretch of the imagination. Fewer and fewer individuals watch the news every day, paper purchasing is in decay and the most famous program is Eastenders. Projects like Question time and other political discussion programs never get high evaluations and this shows a proceeding with pattern. Individuals nowadays couldn't care less about the administration, don't feel that the administration impacts them, don't perceive any distinction in the legislature thus don't generally mind who wins and this all comes down to Political lack of care. b) No crusade contrasts Vote uselessness Try not to like anybody Excessively occupied for something which doesn't make a difference. One of the primary purposes behind low voter turnout could have been the way that an ever increasing number of individuals don't see a contrast between the gatherings. While Labor and the Conservatives guarantee to have various philosophies their techniques for running the nation don't change a lot. Actually numerous individuals don't generally see quite a bit of distinction from the manner in which the nation was run pre-1997 and how it was run thereafter. New Labor is totally different to old Labor and hence it consumes a similar space as the Conservatives did. This implies individuals feel that it doesn't make a difference who wins the political race since nothing truly changes for them on a road level. At the point when individuals feel like that they at that point see no reason for casting a ballot. Another little factor could be that Labor supporters felt miserable at the manner in which work had acted yet couldn't force themselves to decide in favor of Conservatives so they chose not to cast a ballot at all out of guideline. Maybe the greatest factor is that individuals feel that there vote won't have any kind of effect. The issue with that will be that they are right. On the off chance that there is a Labor supporter in a district which is a preservationists territory then there is no reason for that casting a ballot in light of the fact that the vote won't have any kind of effect. That is not only a fantasy, that is valid and individuals know this. Why take the time and the difficulty to cast a ballot when it will sit idle. Being outfitted with this information will imply that individuals won't try to cast a ballot since they realize that 1 vote won't have any kind of effect anyplace. One approach to turn around this is to get everybody in England to decide in favor of a gathering and not for an up-and-comer, which implies each vote would be utilized in getting a gathering chose. The gatherings would then have the option to win some of MP's the place at that point put into specific zones. Likewise in 2001, additional individuals felt that they extreme nobody truly spoke to what they needed. This implied they had nobody to decide in favor of and they would not like to decide in favor of another gathering. This would imply that around 10% of the nation had nobody to decide in favor of and that is a great deal of votes that would not have been thrown thus. Another littler factor is that individuals are busier and more worried than any other time in recent memory nowadays. Numerous individuals may basically have not had the opportunity to go to a surveying corner to cast a ballot and combined with the previously mentioned realities, individuals might not have been that tried to cast a ballot in any case. In any case, it is still obvious that individuals may simply feel that they need more an ideal opportunity to proceed to cast a ballot thus simply remain away. One explanation, which is like another explanation, which has been referenced, is that individuals didn't cast a ballot since they were content with the current govt. On the off chance that individuals feel that the current govt. is working superbly then they don't want to cast a ballot against it or to decide in favor of it (the survey's totally said Labor were going to win at any rate). Individuals were content with Labor and didn't need any other person so they didn't want to cast a ballot not at all like different occurrences where individuals are extremely discontent with the express that the nation is in and vote to get another gathering chose for roll out certain improvements. On the off chance that individuals are content with the current govt. at that point they won't squander casting a ballot since they don't have to.

The Game-Changer free essay sample

CRAAACK! I make two strides in reverse, hear shouts from the stands, and tumble down close to home plate. As I bring down my head to the soil, I let out a thick blend of blood and teeth. I was simply hit straight in the mouth by a 80 mile-per-hour fastball. At the point when the rescue vehicle shows up, I stand up, to the shock of frightened guardians murmuring about conceivable cerebrum harm. My partners gaze at me as though I have become alive once again. My grave, harsh mentor is crying. I started to believe that my life could never be the equivalent, however didn't understand that it might have changed in a positive manner. What ended up being the last ball game I would play in secondary school would likewise end up being the peak of my decade-long fixation on the game. For most of my adolescence, baseball was my life. I didn't allude to times of the year as â€Å"winter† or â€Å"summer†, yet rather â€Å"the off-season† and â€Å"game time†. We will compose a custom paper test on The Game-Changer or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page My room was filled to the edge with signed balls, banners, and bats. I couldn't in any way, shape or form appreciate how any American resident could despise our national interest, and covertly held hard feelings against the individuals who did. I could play, as well. Kid, might I be able to play. I was an individual from the citywide elite player group from the age of 9 ahead. I hit my first grand slam at age 11, and let everybody I had ever met know it. The entirety of my companions were individual baseball players, and we would spend long summer days playing get and grand slam derby, discussing how some time or another we would play together in the major classes. Secondary school baseball was something totally unique for me. The additional weight brought by weeklong tryouts, fiercely extensive practices, and the expectation of advancing toward the Varsity group removed a portion of the fun from the game. My leisure activity transformed into an issue, and my nerves started to shield me from playing as well as Possible. My fantasy about being a Varsity baseball player was nearer than any time in recent memory, however I was currently playing with the expectation of dazzling the more seasoned players and the lead trainers, rather than for my own satisfaction. After a groundbreaking second or a brush with death, numerous individuals decide to rethink their lives. I accomplished something fundamentally the same as after the warm July night when I lost my teeth. At the point when the pitch came, I thought it was a curve, and remained in the container to dazzle the Varsity players with my boldness. The pitch never bended, and my life has changed radically from that point forward. From the start, I felt that nothing positive might come out of a cracked jaw, the loss of six front teeth, and an apparently squandered summer spent making a trip to dental arrangements and eating delicate nourishments. I immediately acknowledged, anyway that I didn't need to let sports decide the course of my secondary school life, and that I had various different interests and gifts to investigate. I realized that I would be allowed to carry on with my life as I genuinely needed, thus I surrendered my cherished game. It was perhaps the hardest choice I have ever co nstructed, yet one that has made me into a more grounded individual. Previously, I could be characterized as a â€Å"baseball kid†, however now I genuinely have an excessive number of various interests to be assembled into one classification. In the year since my physical issue, I have had the option to seek after numerous new aspects of social and scholastic life. I have discovered the certainty to do things which I was beforehand reluctant to do, similar to join the school melody, go for the melodic, and even beginning my own club. By rethinking my life through the choice to surrender baseball, I have had the option to encounter numerous things that my past games disapproved of self could never have considered partaking in. In spite of the fact that my baseball mishap was one of the most noticeably terrible occasions to ever happen in my life, the subsequent choices that I had the option to make about my future have significantly changed my point of view and permitted me to locate my actual self.

Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success

The Role of Motivation for making progress for college understudies The job of inspiration for accomplishment is significant for all understudies and particularly for the understudies of higher instructive organizations like colleges and montages. In colleges numerous understudies have issues with low scholarly inspiration or even a nonappearance of it, which prompts an inactive mentality towards contemplating. In colleges and collections understudies are increasingly autonomous in shaping their mentalities concerning examining, which will influence their further life, instead of in secondary schools. That is the reason it is critical for college understudies to act naturally roused so as to be effective. By inspiration for accomplishment we consider a person’s goal to achieve his function admirably, subjectively, and to improve the aftereffects of the work. Individuals with elevated level of inspiration normally sensibly assess their capacities in defining their objectives, endeavor to beat troubles, and make progress. Heckhausen felt that inspiration for accomplishment could be resolved as an endeavor to build a person’s capacities to accomplish something or to keep them as high as could be expected under the circumstances. As per him, inspiration has two fundamental attributes: a longing to make progress or to stay away from a disappointment. A longing to make progress communicates a person’s certainty that he will achieve his undertaking, yet the shirking of a disappointment demonstrates the dread to fizzle or not to satisfy the desires. Individuals situated on disappointment are those individuals who are not self-assured and who consistently think little of their capacities. Individuals arranged on progress accept that they can deal with the prerequisites and errands they are relied upon to do, have self-assurance and don't show limitation. With the sentiment of idealism, they are slanted on progress, know about their capacities, and generally accomplish their objectives. (2001) As per Roediger L. Henry et al., the understudies who want to make progress are those mind... Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success The Role of Motivation for making progress for college understudies The job of inspiration for accomplishment is significant for all understudies and particularly for the understudies of higher instructive organizations like colleges and arrangements. In colleges numerous understudies have issues with low scholarly inspiration or even a nonattendance of it, which prompts a detached demeanor towards contemplating. In colleges and arrangements understudies are increasingly free in framing their perspectives concerning contemplating, which will influence their further life, as opposed to in secondary schools. That is the reason it is critical for college understudies to act naturally roused so as to be effective. By inspiration for accomplishment we consider a person’s desire to achieve his function admirably, subjectively, and to improve the aftereffects of the work. Individuals with significant level of inspiration typically reasonably assess their capacities in defining their objectives, endeavor to defeat troubles, and make progress. Heckhausen felt that inspiration for accomplishment could be resolved as an endeavor to expand a person’s capacities to accomplish something or to keep them as high as could reasonably be expected. As indicated by him, inspiration has two principle attributes: a longing to make progress or to dodge a disappointment. A craving to make progress communicates a person’s certainty that he will achieve his undertaking, yet the shirking of a disappointment demonstrates the dread to come up short or not to satisfy the desires. Individuals arranged on disappointment are those individuals who are not self-assured and who consistently disparage their capacities. Individuals arranged on progress accept that they can deal with the necessities and undertakings they are required to do, have fearlessness and don't show imperative. With the sentiment of confidence, they are slanted on progress, know about their capacities, and generally accomplish their objectives. (2001) As indicated by Roediger L. Henry et al., the understudies who want to make progress are those mind...

The Endangered Species Act Protector of Nature - Free Essay Example

Introduction America has lasted for thousands of years, and the native species remained untouched except for use by the native peoples. However, once colonists arrived, they started to affect and damage the indigenous species and have been for the last 400 years. In the early 1970s, a realization occurred that would change Americas relationship with the environment forever. In 1973, the United States solution was to issue the Endangered Species Act in order to save the various native species going extinct and that were characterized to have esthetic, ecological, educational, recreational, and scientific value to our Nation and its people (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). Although there are debates on the Endangered Species Acts protections concerning land and resources, its successes have been shown in saving hundreds of species and habitats from extinction and recover. History and Background Even before the obsession of protecting the environment in the United States, there were several occasions where species protection was given special attention (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). Beginning in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt created the first National Wildlife Refuge in Pelican Island, Florida (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The wildlife protected included brown pelicans, wood storks, and other threatened water birds. National Wildlife Refuges continue on today and currently protect over 300 threatened and endangered species (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The United States also went international in their protections in 1918 when they created a treaty with Great Britain in support of Canada (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). This treaty established a system of protections for birds that migrated between the United States and Canada (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The treaty was enforced through the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918 (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). Although some wildlife protection occurred before 1960, the real breakthroughs occurred after, especially in the 1960s-1970s. The ESA was one of many environmental protection statutes passed in the 1960s and 1970s, including the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Wilderness Act of 1964, Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Clean Water Act of 1970, and the Wilderness Act of 1964 (Baur Irvin, 2010). However, the ESA was the most disputed and strict law of them with the purpose of protecting species from extinction and even ushering them into recovery (Baur Irvin, 2010). The Act was also the strictest environmental protection law in the world (The Endangered Species Act: A Wild Success, n.d.). The ESA was passed following the 1973 conference where 80 countries signed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Washington, D.C. (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, n.d.). CITES put restrictions on international trade that put wildlife species in danger (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, n.d.). There were also previous laws that laid the groundwork for the Endangered Species Act. In 1966, Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act, but it only gave limited protection for endangered native animal species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). This law obligated the Department of Agriculture, Department of the Interior, and Department of Defense to protect the species listed under the Acts protection, and their habitats (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). It also gave the United States Fish and Wildlife Service the authority to obtain land and habitat for the listed species. Three years later in 1969, Congress amended the Endangered Species Preservation Act to have it also protect species in danger of worldwide extinction (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). These additional protections outlawed the import and sale of the endangered animals (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Contents of the Endangered Species Act At the time of its enactment on December 28, 1973 under President Richard Nixon, there were sixteen sections all giving a deep explanation into the protection of endangered and threatened species, as well as their habitats. The United States government realized that because of increased economic expansion, many native species went extinct or were on the brink of extinction since there were no proper steps previously taken towards conservation (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 2). Section 3 of the Endangered Species Act from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service report gives relevant definitions from the law. Some necessary explanations include endangered species which means any species that is in danger of becoming extinct in most or all of its population; and threatened species which refers to any species in danger of becoming endangered in the near future (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 3). An important area of the ESA is section 4 where guidelines for being a listed and de listed species for the law. Listing a species pertains to the classification as threatened or endangered (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). In order to become listed, a species must apply to one piece of the following criteria: current or predicted destruction of a habitat; predation or disease; not enough current precautions for regulation; exploitation scientifically, educationally, commercially, or recreationally; or other causes of threatened survival whether naturally or by humans (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). For a species, being listed means that they are protected by potentially dangerous federal actions and have regulations on the sale, trade, and transport of them (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The federal government is given the ability to carry out recovery plans, buy threatened habitats, and give support to conservation agencies (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). There are currently over 1,200 listed species (Westbrook, 2006). An example of a listed species is the tan riffleshell, a freshwater mussel, listed as endangered in 1977 (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). Candidate species are plants and animals that can become listed to gain protection from the Act, and can currently get protected, just not legally (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). However, early conservation can lower costs for future recovery and maintains preservation options (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). Also. if candidate species receive anticipated aid for recovery, higher priority species can get the protection needed (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service defines candidate species as wildlife that have enough information on them and their status with hopes that they will become threatened or endangered, but there are more at risk species that gain priority on the list (U.S. Fish Wildlife Services, Sec 4). There are currently 286 candidate species to be listed (Westbrook, 2011). One case of a candidate species is the Gooddings onion found in Arizona (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The main objective of the ESA is delisting. Delisting is when species are taken off of the endangered or threatened species list, possibly due to finding of new populations of the species, extinction, effective recovery attempts. Downlisting is moving down from being classified as endangered to threatened, this is usually due to recovery of the species. In order to qualify for downlisting or delisting, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service checks its current status related to recovery and population, current threats, and consultations from experts inside and outside the Service (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). A total of 37 species have been delisted including 13 that have recovered and 9 that have gone extinct (but 6 of them went extinct before listing) (Westbrook, 2011). After delisting, the species must be observed for five years to assure that it can survive without the aid of the ESA. One real life example of a delisted species is the American peregrine falcon which was delist ed in 1999 due to recovery (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The main focus of conservation in the law is for wildlife and habitats to recover and remain protected and thrive. New Amendments Added and Current Propositions The Endangered Species Act is an extensive and firm statute on conservation, however it has been added to in the past. The major amendments added to the ESA were in 1978, 1982, 1988, and 2004 which extended the Act without changing its actual framework (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The 1978 addition in section 4 entailed that the threatened habitats must be jointly listed when listing a species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The revision in section 3 also said that only species of vertebrates could apply to populations when determining protection, not plants, subspecies, and invertebrates (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). One final change was in section 5 and stated that the Department of Agriculture was required to join the Departments of Defense and Interior to in conservation of biodiversity (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The amendment from 1982 further added to section 4 in that the status of species needed to be judged based on trade and biological informa tion, rather than economic or outside effects of the species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The 1988 amendment had several extensions. Section 4 now required candidate and recovered species to be observed; the ESA also had a more detailed explanation of recovery plans (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Section 9 was changed to increase protection of endangered plants (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). This amendment also added a whole new eighteenth section that discussed finances and the requirement of a financial report (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). In 2004, the newly implemented National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 excused the Department of Defense from certain critical habitat regulations as long as there was a natural management plan in place and has permission from the Department of the Interior (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Although many of the amendments were added in the latter twentieth century, proposed changes are still occurrin g today. In July of 2018, three basic additions were proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The first proposition entailed that listing, delisting, and downlisting will use criteria including economic and other impacts to increase public knowledge about conservation and the status of the ESA (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). However, the classifying processes would continue to be done based on objective commercial and scientific evidence (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The next change would be that specific protections for threatened species would be based on a case-by-case situation (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). However, thousands of species are protected under the ESA which makes it difficult to provide various amounts of support for each species (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The final revision pertains to the adding as a whole to the definition of des truction or adverse modification, causing it to become more broad (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). This change could make it more difficult for meeting the limit of damage to a habitat enabling for less restrictions (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). There could also be a potential extension where federal agencies will no longer need consults on projects associated with critical species from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). These potential amendments could have a vast impact not only on the Act, but species under its protection. The Successes of the Endangered Species Act The Endangered Species Act has been quite successful in the last 45 years that it has been enacted. The Act has protected 99% of its listed species from extinction from its passage in 1973 to 2013, and has shown a 90% recovery rate in over 100 native species (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The Annual Review of Ecological Systemics found that possibly 172 species would have gone extinct between the years 1973 and 1998 if they did not have aid from the ESA (Westbrook, 2006). The United States Fish and Wildlife Service researched and found that 68% of the current listed species are safe and recovering, while 32% are getting worse; however, the longer that species get protection from the ESA, the more they improve (Westbrook, 2006). Millions of acres of threatened habitat have been preserved which has aided the survival and improvements of wildlife species (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Another amazing aspect of law is that it continues to have strong public support am ounting to 9 out of 10 Americans wanting a powerful Endangered Species Act (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). However, in the past 200 years, scientists found that about 539 species in the United States have gone extinct (Westbrook, 2011). A 2005 NatureServe database report found that over 9,000, or one-third, of native species in the United States are in danger of becoming extinct (Westbrook, 2011). One amazing success story of the Endangered Species Act at work is of the Aleutian Canada goose. The geese were almost brought to the brink of extinction because of nonnative foxes brought to the area, damage to their habit, and overhunting by humans in Oregon and California (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1967, a very small amount of geese were found on a secluded Alaskan island in the Aleutian islands and the Aleutian Canada goose was put on the endangered species list (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Their listing led to recovery efforts such as curbing the nonnative fox populations and protecting their habitats during migration located in Oregon and California (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1980, the Endangered Species Act brought about the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge which protected the nesting habitats of the geese (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1975, the Aleutian Canada goose population was at 790, but it increased to 60,000 in 2005 (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The geese species was even downlisted from endangered to threatened in 1990, and fully recovered with becoming delisted in 2001 (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The delisting of the geese was 7 years before the estimated recovery rate (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Conclusion Some people see the Endangered Species Act as a limit to land development and usage because critical habitats are protected (Corn Wyatt, 2016). They also believe that the efforts of the ESA take away jobs and hurt natural resource companies like logging (Corn Wyatt, 2016). A common theme of opponents to the ESA is the non-belief in climate change which ties in with the principles of the ESA (Corn Wyatt, 2016). The power that native species can have on society is astounding. Conserving critical habitats provides water sources, natural protection from natural disasters such as floods, and areas for eco-tourism and recreation (Westbrook, 2006). Helping endangered species recover is the moral thing to do, but it also has economic advantages as well (Westbrook, 2006). Recreational activities like fishing, hunting, and watching wildlife brings $108 billion yearly and makes it the seventh biggest enterprise in the United States because of the ESAs efforts of conservation (Westbrook, 2006). These activities also provide 2.6 million jobs (Westbrook, 2006). A real example of this is in Yellowstone National Park. When the grey wolf was reintegrated into the ecosystem in 1995 due to the ESA, nearby communities gained over $10 million in revenue per year (Westbrook, 2006). Many endangered plant species have medicinal benefits. However, with the current global rates of extinction, about one major drug goes extinct every two years (Westbrook, 2006). Rosy periwinkle, a known cure for Hodgkins disease and some kinds of leukemia, was rescued from its extinction because of deforestation from protection of the ESA (Westbrook, 2006). In my opinion, the Endangered Species Act is a great addition to our country that not only gives benefits to wildlife and their habitats, but also to humans through medicines, recreation, jobs, and revenue. Therefore, if the world takes care of the animals, the benefits are endless.

The Persian Immortals

The Achaemenid Empire of Persia (550 - 330 BCE) had an elite corps of heavy infantry that was so effective, it helped them to conquer much of the known world.  These troops also served as the imperial guard.  We have beautiful depictions of them from the walls of the Achaemenid capital city of Susa, Iran, but unfortunately, our historical documentation about them comes from the Persians enemies -- not really an unbiased source.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Herodotus, Chronicler of the Persian Immortals Chief among the chroniclers of the Persian Immortals is the Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484 - 425).  He is the source of their name, in fact, and it may be a mistranslation.  Many scholars believe that the actual Persian name for this imperial guard was anusiya, meaning companions, rather than anausa, or non-dying.   Herodotus also informs us that the Immortals were maintained at a troop strength of exactly 10,000 at all times.  If an infantryman was killed, sick, or wounded, a reservist would immediately be called up to take his place.  This gave the illusion that they were truly immortal, and could not be injured or slain.  We do not have any independent confirmation that Herodotuss information on this is accurate; nevertheless, the elite corps is often referred to as the Ten Thousand Immortals to this day. The Immortals were armed with short stabbing spears, bows and arrows, and swords.  They wore fish scale armor covered by robes, and a headdress often called a tiara that reportedly could be used to shield the face from wind-driven sand or dust.  Their shields were woven out of wicker.  Achaemenid artwork shows the Immortals decked out in gold jewelry and hoop earrings, and Herodotus asserts that they wore their bling into battle.   The Immortals came from elite, aristocratic families.  The top 1,000 had gold pomegranates on the ends of their spears, designating them as officers and as the kings personal bodyguard.  The remaining 9,000 had silver pomegranates.  As the best of the best in the Persian army, the Immortals received certain perks.  While on the campaign, they had a supply train of mule-drawn carts and camels that brought along special foods reserved only for them.  The mule train also brought along their concubines and servants to tend to them.   Like most things in the Achaemenid Empire, the Immortals were equal opportunity -- at least for elites from other ethnic groups.  Although the majority of the members were Persian, the corps also included aristocratic men from the previously-conquered Elamite and Median Empires.   The Immortals at War Cyrus the Great, who founded the Achaemenid Empire, seems to have originated the idea of having an elite corps of imperial guards.  He used them as heavy infantry in his campaigns to conquer the Medes, the Lydians, and even the Babylonians.  With his last victory over the new Babylonian Empire, at the Battle of Opis in 539 BCE, Cyrus was able to name himself king of the four corners of the world thanks in part to the efforts of his Immortals. In 525 BCE, Cyruss son Cambyses II defeated the Egyptian Pharaoh Psamtik IIIs army at the Battle of Pelusium, extending Persian control across Egypt.  Again, the Immortals likely served as the shock troops; they were so feared after their campaign against Babylon that the Phoenicians, the Cypriots, and the Arabs of Judea and the Sinai Peninsula all decided to ally themselves with Persians rather than fighting them.  This left the door to Egypt wide open, in a manner of speaking, and Cambyses took full advantage of it. The third Achaemenid emperor, Darius the Great, likewise deployed the Immortals in his conquests of Sindh and parts of the Punjab (now in Pakistan).  This expansion gave the Persians access to the rich trading routes through India, as well as the gold and other wealth of that land.  At that time, the Iranian and Indian languages were probably still similar enough to be mutually intelligible, and the Persians took advantage of this to employ Indian troops in their fights against the Greeks.  Darius also fought the fierce, nomadic Scythian people, whom he defeated in 513 BCE.  He would likely have kept a guard of Immortals for his own protection, but cavalry would have been much more effective than heavy infantry against a highly mobile foe like the Scythians. It is most difficult to evaluate our Greek sources when they recount battles between the Immortals and Greek armies.  The ancient historians make no attempt to be unbiased in their descriptions.  According to the Greeks, the Immortals and the other Persian soldiers were vain, effeminate, and not very effective compared with their Greek counterparts.  If that is the case, however, it is difficult to see how the Persians defeated the Greeks in numerous battles and held on to so much land adjacent to Greek territory. It is a shame that we do not have Persian sources to balance the Greek point of view. In any case, the story of the Persian Immortals may have been distorted over time, but it is obvious even at this distance in time and space that they were a fighting force to be reckoned with.

Protecting The Rights Of Minority Groups - 1538 Words

Democratic societies are often faced with the issue of having to find a balance between the preservation of liberty rights, and protecting human rights and promoting equality. As a liberal society, we must protect the liberty right to freedom of expression; however, being a liberal society also means that there ought to be a responsibility to protect vulnerable minorities from being harmed by hate speech. As a result of competing rights, the state often faces the difficult task of determining when one right trumps the other. In this essay, I will discuss and defend the reasons why we must restrict certain types of hate speech – the kind that assaults our dignity, and is harmful. Moreover, I will discuss and defend why we must protect the rights of minority groups, and how doing so can contribute to the greater good of society. To protect the rights of minority groups, governments must use hate speech laws to shield them from harms, such as verbal violations and assaults to their dignity, based on their gender, race, disability or religious affiliations. Harm is caused when hate speech produces a sense of fear, humiliation, and a belief that one is unwanted in the community. While people possess the right to freedom of thought, the right to be sovereign in determining their own beliefs and conclusions, as well as the freedom to hate a particular group, minorities should also have the right to be protected and free of harm caused by certain types of hate speech, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Fight Against The Minority Groups1740 Words   |  7 PagesFight to Protect The recent political climate in this country has placed more focus on the rights of minorities. The current discourse is fierce, and it revolves around how much should be done when it comes to representing and fighting for minorities who are being discriminated against. The recent spike in hate crimes has done little to appease fears within these minority groups, and the persecution of minorities will create more problems for not just them, but for every citizen in this country. It isRead MoreWhat Does the Government Do in Relation to Civil Rights?660 Words   |  3 PagesDo in Relation to Civil Rights? With regard to civil rights, the government is supposed to ensure that all United States citizens have equal rights and are fairly represented across multiple areas, including politics, the economy, court hearing, and government programs. Since the Bill of Rights and the Constitution were devised, the government has conducted enacted many changes in an effort to protect the civil rights of American citizens. 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Sustainability Accounting and Reporting Economy

Question: Discuss about theSustainability Accounting and Reporting for Economy. Answer: Introduction The Sustainability accounting and reporting is a subcategory under Financial Accounting Management focusing on the impact of business process of a company on Society, Environment and Economy (Lodhia 2015). Sustainability is a major issue with two different aspects as internal (management) and external (reporting), to survive in the market with increasing potential business. In 1997, the social, environmental and economical issues were considered by Elkington as obstacles for sustainable growth of the company and recognized as Triple bottom Line concept (Hgevold et al. 2015). Sustainability accounting and reporting is focused on disclosure of non-financial information of business performances to gain the confidence of capital holders, stakeholders and creditors. In global context, carbon management and accounting are vast areas of concern through which the planning process, systems management and decision making are done (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). There are two major developments has been encountered as carbon accounting and integrated reporting to make sustainability concept as a vital part of the business. Carbon emission issues and management in the environmental context are noted as Carbon accounting. Whereas integrated reporting integrates the financial and material information in the reflection of commercial, environmental and social context (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). The International Integrated Reporting Committee discussed the potential components of integrated framework as Strategic Objectives, Business Model, Operations and risk management and opportunity of returns, Governance and Performance remuneration and Future projections of an organization. There are various research objects to be investigated as annual reports, social and environmental disclosures of firms. Sustainability accounting and reporting appears to be a research area where academics can contribute various attributes of business practices. References: Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014. Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Hgevold, N.M., Svensson, G., Klopper, H.B., Wagner, B., Valera, J.C.S., Padin, C., Ferro, C. and Petzer, D., 2015. A triple bottom line construct and reasons for implementing sustainable business practices in companies and their business networks. Corporate Governance, 15(4), pp.427-443. Lodhia, S., 2015. Sustainability Accounting and Accountability 2nd ed. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal.